Expeditious development in the field of information and communication technology (ICT) has made the machines more powerful and efficient, but at the same time, there is a simultaneous decrease in the product life leading to an extensive rise in the annual production of e-waste, i.e., electronic waste. Considering the health hazards and environmental implications of e-waste, it has become a global problem which needs serious attention. Old, outdated, and end-of-life electronic devices, e.g. cell phones, televisions, laptops, refrigerators, computers, CD players, etc. that get disposed of by the consumers are collectively known as e-waste. Recycling e-waste is essential for handling environmental pollution and health issues in human beings. At the same time, such e-waste contains many valuable resources; thus, its recycling can also address the problem of mineral resources shortage in the electronics industry. So, it is a major challenge for governments of different nations and international organizations to develop environment-friendly strategies for efficient management of e-waste in order to save mankind and the environment from its adverse effects. In order to manage e-waste effectively, especially in developing nations, feasible landfill technology, mandatory formal recycling, fixation of producer responsibility, and drafting of e-waste specific legislations are the dire need of the hour in order to make this world worth living for future generations. This chapter covers a detailed review of environmental pollution and health hazards caused by e-waste, its recycling, and other e-waste management strategies and required political and legal interventions.
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